As far as the classification of many CNC machine operators in China is concerned, a large number of operators are technicians who have previously worked on general manual or semi-automatic machine tools. They are very familiar with machining, but the programming for CNC machines is They are relatively unfamiliar; there are also students who have just graduated from mechanical engineering. They are familiar with the theory of machining, CNC machining and programming, but lack practical machining experience. Many operators have never been exposed to machining and programming. Then, they have to learn CNC machine operation, the difficulty is very huge. For those of the beginner CNC machine tools, it is very important to master certain CNC machine tool operation skills. On the one hand, they can avoid machine collision accidents, resulting in machine tool damage; second, they can quickly improve the operator's CNC machine tool operation skills in a short period of time, competent for their own work, and create economic benefits for the unit. In particular, this paper introduces the theoretical knowledge of the operation skills of some CNC machine tools for these operators who are just in contact with CNC machine tools. It is hoped that there will be some reference significance for the operators of CNC machine tools just engaged. First of all, the operator needs to have a comprehensive understanding of the operating CNC machine tools. Understand the mechanical structure of the machine tool: to understand the mechanical structure of the machine tool; to master the shafting distribution of the machine tool; to grasp the positive and negative direction of each CNC axis of the machine tool; to master the functions and use of the various parts of the machine tool, such as simple Pneumatic system principle and function, simple hydraulic system working principle and function; in addition, it is necessary to master the working principle and function of each auxiliary unit of the machine tool, such as the work of the tool magazine, cooling unit, voltage regulator, electric cabinet cooler and so on. Principle, function and method of use, as well as the working principle, function and usage of each safety door lock of the machine tool. Firmly grasp the function of each operation button of the machine: know how to execute the program; how to check the workpiece processing status after suspending the program, resume the execution after restarting the pause state, how to stop the program; how to change the program before executing the program, and so on. Understand what kind of operating system your machine tool is operating; simply understand the control principle and working method of the CNC system; what working language the system uses, the software used for machine tool processing and the language used. If the operator does not understand the language or does not understand the professional vocabulary of the language, then professional training is required. When training, you need to take notes carefully. Every word in the machine software software means what Chinese meaning is. If you master the back, you can use the machine correctly for your future work. In addition, the operator also needs to learn the general operation alarm statement during training, know what Chinese means, how to solve the problem, how to eliminate the error alarm. In addition, for the operator, if there is energy and ability to allow, you can learn the language, then it will be very helpful to improve the operation skills of the machine. Secondly, it is necessary to master the manual or automatic operation of controlling the CNC machine tool, and master the movement of each CNC axis that controls the machine tool. The operator must reach the realm of perfection, so that it can be retracted under any circumstances; in the event of a collision or failure, the operator can handle the problem correctly and in a timely manner, and the operator will form a conditioned reflex. Decisively take the means of braking. In addition, the operator should be very familiar with the machining program of the CNC machine tool; what kind of process and operation, what kind of action the machine tool should have, must be very familiar. When the machine executes the program, you can know at the first time whether the machine action is correct and whether braking action is required. In addition, each beginner operator has more or less fear during the initial operation of the machine tool, fearing that the machine will hit the knife and collide. Then only the operator can master the operation of the CNC machine tool, can overcome the similar fear, in order to learn to master the higher CNC machine tool operation skills. Third, it is necessary to be proficient in program editing, parameter compensation for each process, and compensation for the diameter and length of the tool or grinding wheel. First, you will be trained to master the programming language, programming method and compensation method of each CNC machine tool. Most advanced CNC machines are now equipped with PC workstations for programming or simulation. Then beginners can perform software editing and machine cutting simulation learning on the workstation. In the process of learning and programming, do not only pay attention to the simulation results, but more importantly, it is necessary to learn the process of simulation machining. It is necessary to understand what kind of tool or grinding wheel is needed for the machining of the workpiece, and the machining axis of the machine tool has completed the cutting process; When performing a specific process, the position and direction of the movement of the relevant components in the machine tool; pay attention to the direction of movement and the direction of the cutting of each axis during the machining, including how to enter the knife, how to retract the knife, pay attention to the work in the machine tool processing The fast forward speed and displacement of the step, the speed and displacement of the work in each step. In the processing through the simulation software, note that all parameters must be correctly input during the simulation process. Do not arbitrarily input the sloppy things because of the simulation, so that the result of the simulation processing may be incorrect; or the collision accident caused by actual processing in the future, or Parts are scrapped. If the simulation software has the function of anti-collision test, then use this function to check the correctness of the programming. In addition, the operator needs special attention: the simulation processing is only a theoretical result, does not mean that the machine will not collide during the actual cutting process, nor does it mean that a qualified product can be processed. The purpose of simulation is to save programming time, improve the actual utilization of the machine tool, and reduce the debugging time when machining the workpiece. It does not represent the actual part processing. Completing the perfect workpiece machining is inseparable from the wisdom and sweat of CNC machine operators. Fourth, the processing skills in the actual machining process, carefully prepare the work, first read the drawings, confirm the position of the workpiece to be processed, confirm the precision tolerance of the workpiece part, and then edit the machining program. To prepare the workpieces and tools or grinding wheels needed for machining, prepare the testing instruments required during the machining process, and prepare the auxiliary tools and fixtures required during the machining process.
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