Talking about the lighting design of show art

The summary shows the lighting design of the art, playing an important role in expressing the characteristics of the exhibits, enhancing the attractiveness of the exhibits, rendering the theme atmosphere, beautifying the display environment, guiding and mobilizing the audience's enthusiasm for viewing exhibits.

X Liu Dongfang, male, Han nationality, was born in December 1962. In 1989, he graduated from the Fine Arts Department of Fujian Normal University. Member of Fujian Artists Association, Director of Research and Exhibition Department of Bingxin Literature Museum, and third-level artist.

In the space environment of the exhibition, light not only meets the visual visibility requirements of the audience, but also is an important aesthetic element in the environment. Research and practice have shown that the design of the interior lighting environment of the exhibition space plays an important role in expressing the characteristics of the exhibits, the attraction of the strong exhibits, rendering the theme atmosphere, beautifying the display environment, and guiding and mobilizing the audience's enthusiasm for viewing the exhibits.

The lighting design displayed is to provide the audience with a comfortable and beautiful display environment space through illumination, creating a space with a theme and a unique artistic conception.

Lighting is to convey a psychological feeling through light.

In the design of indoor display space, there are two types of light sources: one is natural light and the other is artificial light. This paper is to study how to deal with artificial light, to create different atmospheres in the space of display through different ways of lighting, to serve the theme of the performance; with different lamps, different light colors can be divided into a certain unique atmosphere Space. At the same time, the intensity of the light and the color of the light will make the audience feel the unique atmosphere of the display environment, and the exhibits will be sublimated.

First, the way and layout of lighting According to the clear light distribution, the lighting method can be divided into the following five categories: direct lighting, all of its light more than 90% directly on the object. Such as natural light, fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps are all in this category. Its brightness is large, so people often use this kind of lighting in public halls; indirect lighting, it will shine more than 90% of the light onto the wall, on the ceiling, and then reflected on the object, this light is soft, no glare The glare, no obvious shadow, it will give people a sense of peace, harmony, quietness; generally diffuse, the light will be evenly shot in all directions, such as picture, text light box lighting decoration effect and translucent spherical cover The lamp belongs to this category; semi-direct illumination, which is irradiated onto the object by about 60%, and can be covered with translucent glass, plastic or light. This kind of light is not glare, and is generally used for exhibits with high degree of texture recognition and illumination; semi-indirect illumination, where more than 60% of the light is irradiated onto the wall or ceiling, and a small amount of light is irradiated onto the object. The illumination of the light can be illuminated with both brightness and glare. If used for the background decoration of the exhibits, there is no direct glare.

The layout of the display lighting needs to consider the display effect of the exhibits, such as the position of the exhibition panels, showcases, booths, the area of ​​the audience's activities, the rhythm of the exhibition space, and the atmosphere created for the theme. As a whole, it can be divided into four categories: overall lighting, partial lighting, decorative lighting, and safety lighting. Overall lighting: It is characterized by uniform illumination and makes the space bright and spacious. The large spaces are all illuminated by the whole system, such as the atrium of the pavilion and the audience reading hall. Partial illumination: In the exhibition display, in order to highlight the individual characteristics of the exhibits, the lamps are often placed in the showcases, booths (or upper or lower or corners), and the purpose is to make the exhibits more eye-catching by partially strengthening the illumination of the exhibits. Precious, guiding the audience to pay attention to the exhibits. Decorative lighting: Indirect lighting with colored lights, with neon lights, meteor lights, etc. for the display environment or specific theme exhibits decorative effects, rendering the display atmosphere, performance display theme personality, has a guiding role for the audience. Safety lighting: Lighting that is designed to enable people to easily and accurately find a safe exit when a normal light is extinguished by an accident. Independent safety lighting systems are installed in the exhibition halls of various exhibition halls and museums to ensure personal safety. The safety illumination provided on the ground of the evacuation channel should be 1x. In the obvious position of the safety exit and the evacuation channel, a signal sign light should be set. The size of the image in the mark is at least 1/300 of the maximum viewing distance, and the brightness is greater than 15cdcm2. Different functional requirements, the exhibition has different requirements on light source performance and illumination. Choosing a suitable light source mainly requires proper color temperature, excellent color rendering performance, high light efficiency, durability and safety, etc. To determine the illumination level, comprehensive consideration should be given to visual effects. Comfort and economic energy saving factors.

The normal color of natural light is blue, the color temperature is about 6500k, which is similar to the cloudy color, which is cold light. The color temperature of light should be compatible with the illuminance level, and under low illumination, often / warm light. With the increase of illumination, the color temperature of the light source should also be increased. To achieve a high level of illumination in the overall space, high color temperature is required. The light source, otherwise the space feels very hot; generally, the color temperature of the light source used for ambient lighting is roughly between 3000 -6500k, and the light source with high color temperature is used for overall illumination, and then the projection light source with low color temperature or point light source is used for local illumination.

Converting electrical energy into electromagnetic waves in the visible light range, using a small amount of telecommunications energy to obtain more light, reflecting the light efficiency of the light source. The light wave range emitted by most efficient power-saving lamps falls within the sensitive range of the human eye, but the light quality of the light source is poor. Due to the color adaptation and color perception of the human eye, the viewer is not easy to feel the visual error, indoors. The color of the exhibits seen under the light should be different from the color of the exhibits seen under natural light. Generally, the efficiency of the light source decreases with the improvement of its color rendering performance. Because of the non-uniform relationship between the efficiency of the lamp and the color rendering performance, when the light source is selected, according to the different requirements of the exhibitor for color rendering, two An aspect of compromise. The light source is selected to be a power source that is close to the wavelength of natural light with good color rendering, and is generally suitable for a light source having a color rendering index Ra>80. For exhibits with high requirements on the color rendering index, such as handicrafts and art works, a light source with a color rendering index of Ra>90 should be used.

The requirements for illuminance are also related to the exhibits. The smaller the size of the exhibit, the smaller the contrast, and the higher the degree of visual acuity, the higher the contrast requirement. Since the size and contrast of the exhibit are the characteristics of the exhibit itself, the degree of visual acuity is determined by the viewer based on the characteristics of the exhibit. The design only increases the illuminance appropriately to meet the viewer's requirements for viewing the visual protection of the exhibit. Different sizes and exquisiteness of different exhibits have different requirements for vision. In the lighting design, different illuminations are given according to different situations.

Light-sensitive silk crafts, art works, manuscripts, pictures and other exhibits are related to the three factors of aging, fading speed and illuminance level, exposure time and red and ultraviolet light content in the light source. For exhibits that require high levels of fading and fading (such as silk artifacts, calligraphy, etc.), light sources that block infrared and ultraviolet light should be used. For light-insensitive exhibits, there is no limit to illumination. For light-sensitive murals, leather, lacquerware, etc., it is recommended to use 150~ degrees, and use 50~75/x illumination for textiles, calligraphy and cultural relics sensitive to light.

Third, the effect of lighting and atmosphere A lot of research and practice prove that to improve the visibility and visual comfort of exhibits, after achieving a certain level of illumination, improving quality is more effective than adding strength. More importantly, the display room interior lighting needs to create a positive atmosphere for the rendering of the theme, which is not stipulated by lighting standards.

According to the principle of visual acuity, visual acuity varies with background brightness, contrast, detail presentation time, eye adaptation, etc. Improving background brightness or enhancing brightness contrast can improve visual acuity and see smaller details of the viewing angle. .

The overall visual effect of indoor lighting is affected by the total brightness, which depends on the indoor light distribution and the degree of light and darkness in all aspects of the room, which is related to reflectivity and illumination. When all the faces of the indoor space are treated with a material with a high reflectivity, the person feels bright, and the mutual reflection of the light also promotes the clear snapshot of the display environment.

Exhibit visibility and visual comfort, in addition to brightness requirements, also requires a moderate brightness contrast. The brightness of the adjacent environment of the exhibit is preferably lower than the brightness of the exhibit, but preferably not less than 1/3 of the brightness of the exhibit, and the brightness of the background environment (including the ceiling) is preferably not less than 1/10 of the brightness of the exhibit. If the average illumination in the exhibition hall is L, the illuminance of the showcase and booth is 2~4L, the illumination of the general display cabinet and display stand is 1. 5~2L, the display in the depth is 2~3L, and the illumination of the key exhibits is 3~5L. This is the outstanding exhibit, so that the exhibits can be obtained. The appropriate illumination ratio of the stereoscopic effect.

Using the projection direction of light to express the performance characteristics of the exhibits, when the exhibits exhibit a three-dimensional shape, the overall perception is affected, and different directional illuminations will produce different effects. Such as glass and ceramic products, when the light is irradiated from above, a complete natural feeling, from below, can emphasize transparency, and can express contours, but the color of the surface becomes not bright.

Exhibits of different textures should be accompanied by corresponding lighting to fully express the texture of the exhibits. For exhibits that are lustrous for precious metals, ceramics, glass, leather products, etc., it is advisable to use a light source with strong directivity to make the exhibits produce reflected light, and the surface gloss of the exhibits is more brilliant. For calligraphy and manuscripts, soft diffuse illumination should be used to obtain a flat lighting effect without shadows.

Transparent lamps often expose the light source to the human eye, so that when the customer's eyes are stimulated by a direct light source, they cannot see the exhibits due to glare, resulting in visual fatigue. Methods to avoid glare include preventing direct glare and reflective interference. The former considers that the position where the light source is placed must both illuminate the exhibit and have sufficient shading angle for the human eye; the latter mainly considers preventing the mirror and the glass reverse light source, or the display in the glass cabinet cannot be seen due to the reflection image. Therefore, in order to avoid glare, light-absorbing materials that do not reflect light, such as linen and carpet, should be used in the environment of the exhibition hall and the background and background of the exhibits.

The interior lighting design of the exhibition space meets the needs of visibility and comfort, and needs to create the effect of the specific theme atmosphere in accordance with the needs of the exhibition. The lighting of the display must be changed. The main part should be highlighted, and the design, material and color should be selected to reflect the design intent. Efforts should be made to choose to use light from a beautiful angle, to pursue the best effect of light and darkness, and to reflect the artistic existence of light.

In summary, in the design of the display art, the lighting design has its relative independence, and the exhibits are most excitingly displayed to the audience. To demonstrate its characteristics and achieve the desired design effect, it is necessary to comply with the principles of lighting design. Functional principle: In the visual environment, the human eye's perception of the light and darkness of the environment and the color is reflected by the retina that senses the conduction of nerves to the brain. In different environments and different feelings, different psychological feelings will occur, sometimes relaxed, sometimes boring, sometimes elegant, and sometimes vulgar. Here the light is the only condition for the optic nerve to feel. The combination of vision, light, lighting, and environment will have a direct impact on the psychology and mood of people's thinking. From this point of view, the visual environment design is mainly to solve the problem of light. Then make full use of the effect of light, make people more comfortable and more peaceful in the light environment, the angle of light, distance, direction and light quality, these are the conditions of choice, the illumination is too high or too low, it will damage people's vision. The principle of unity: in the display lighting design, the use of light and the shape of the lamp should meet the requirements of the space and atmosphere of the display environment. The illumination, color, mode, height and position of the light should be considered from the overall space effect. Space unity and coordination. Artistic principle: In the art of display design, the ultimate goal of using various materials and means is to serve the theme, and the lighting design also creates more artistic effects for the display environment, attracting the audience's interest and attention to the exhibits. In applying the technique of light, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes of light and shadow, the contrast of light and the color of light, and the organic performance of light is embodied in the exhibits, so that the audience can enjoy the art and make the exhibits sublimate. Safety principle: The setting of lighting power supply, circuit and switch must be reliable and safe. Public spaces should have obvious/attention ", / danger" signs that can attract people's attention. To make line safety settings and safety measures, the safety of electricity is the foundation of the display space.

In short, the lighting design skills related to the display art have yet to be further explored in the work practice. With the continuous development of modern technology, there will be higher quality artificial lighting sources, and the functions and shapes of the lamps will be more diverse. Therefore, the lighting design techniques and means will be more colorful.

[Responsible Editor Tang Jiaqing]