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At present, the world is paying more and more attention to energy-efficient lighting that can save energy. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) report, global power lighting accounts for about 19% of total power generation capacity. Recent news reports and government announcements. It has also gradually focused on reminding consumers of the low energy efficiency of incandescent lamps and strengthening the public's understanding of energy-saving solutions such as compact energy-saving lamps. In addition, while high-brightness white light-emitting diode (LED) technology continues to advance, it also brings another potential technology for energy-efficient general-purpose lighting applications, and the US ENERGY STAR program is also Standards for solid state lighting for home and commercial lighting applications.
However, in these news events, it is ignored that about 70% of lighting energy consumption is outside the home, including retail stores, industrial production, and public spaces such as schools, hospitals, and district lighting. Area lighting also covers street lighting. In addition to the private sector, large-area lighting is also used in factories and parking spaces for retail and commercial buildings. In addition, there are developments in these areas. A huge opportunity for more energy efficient lighting solutions.
Large-area lighting covers more than just providing lighting. It must also address public safety, operating environment, design and aesthetic considerations, energy savings, system reliability and maintenance costs, and how to manage lighting projections to provide proper illumination. Avoid problems such as penetration, glare, and light pollution.
For street lighting, lighting patterns and lighting needs will also vary depending on street type, projected traffic flow and standard requirements. Therefore, there are many different designs for regional lighting to meet practical considerations and energy use. Architectural issues, such as the sponsorship of an international urban lighting design competition in New York City in 2004, seeks to develop new lighting ideas to bring the city's 21st century innovative streetscape to the city, replacing it for more than 50 years. Old design.
The most common source of illumination for area lighting is the High Intensity Discharge (HID) type, such as high pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, and low pressure sodium lamps and high pressure mercury lamps. Advanced HID lamps, such as metal halide lamps, have a high energy efficiency of more than 80 lm/W and a reasonable life of 10,000 to 15,000 hours. The Nordic region uses a standard of 4,000 hours per year and has a life expectancy of about 2 to 4 years. Unfortunately, The replacement of street lights is quite expensive in terms of maintenance time or labor cost, and it is a big problem in places where it is difficult to replace such as tunnels or bridges. If it is necessary to close the lane for maintenance, it is quite difficult to replace. It is bound to cause traffic congestion.
In addition, burnt street lights can also pose public safety problems, and some communities have strict time limits on dressing time. Other issues related to this type of lamp include that it may take up to 5 minutes to start. In the event of a power outage, it may take up to 20 minutes before it can be reactivated. In addition to electricity consumption, since most HID lamps contain mercury, they must be treated with care after replacement to avoid mercury entering the ecosystem and causing environmental problems. Although the new generation of lamps already has reasonable energy efficiency, since the life of streetlights is usually more than 30 years, not all regional lighting uses energy-efficient lighting technology, recently by the European Union Intelligent Energy (IntelligentEnergy) program. According to a report by the E-Street initiative, about one-third of the approximately 90 million public lights in Europe use very inefficient lighting technologies such as high-pressure mercury lamps.
The goal of the E-Street Initiative is to study the use of intelligent network control lighting systems to reduce energy consumption. For example, a network-enabled lighting architecture can save energy by controlling the reduction of lighting output when traffic is less busy late at night. From this we can see that Why, understanding how new technologies overcome these challenges will attract many reasons.
In fact, there are several reasons why high-brightness white LEDs are welcome in this field. The first and most important thing is their long life. The properly engineered LED system can maintain more than 70% brightness to over 50,000. Hours of working life, due to such a long life, outdoor area lighting can achieve more than 12 years of running time, greatly reducing the cost of subsequent maintenance and replacement.
Furthermore, LEDs continue to advance rapidly in terms of performance and cost. Commercially available high-power white LEDs can achieve 70 to 100 lumens per lumen output with an efficiency of approximately 70 lm/W, the Photonics Industry Development Association ( OIDA, Optical Industry Developers Association) recently updated the blueprint for white LEDs and estimated that overall performance will double in 2009, reaching 200 lumens per lamp, and luminous efficiency is expected to reach 150 lm/W. The 100W metal halide HID lamp can produce approximately 8,000 to 9,000 lumens of output. It is unfair to compare the output of such a lamp and LED directly. The reason is that the photometric output of the lamp is omnidirectional, so there will be a lot of loss in the light projection path, but there is no such problem on the LED. They are inherently directional.
Regardless of the lumen loss effect, approximately 120 LEDs per package of 70 lm are required to replace the lumen output of a 100W lamp. If the OIDA goal is reached in 2009, this number will be halved. In addition, white LEDs provide better quality photometric output, especially when compared to high pressure sodium lamps, because they have problems such as yellowing of the light and poor color rendering index (CRI, ColorRenderingIndex). LEDs can also provide design engineers with greater flexibility in innovative and differentiated lighting design. In addition, LEDs are low-voltage DC devices that enable the creation of new off-grid lighting concepts, such as LEDs that combine solar and rechargeable batteries. Illuminated stop signs have become quite easy, and such systems are currently being introduced in cities such as London.
The design of LED array luminaires will vary greatly depending on the specific lighting requirements at the location. The target lighting area depends on the height of the light and the distance between the lighting sources. For example, the distance between the lighting poles of pedestrians or pedal lanes is relatively narrow, so it is required. There are 20 LEDs to provide lighting, while in residential streets it is 100 or more LEDs. In addition, because the main purpose is to illuminate the road without affecting the homes along the street, street lighting has quite a special lighting mode requirement, and these special modes must also meet the complex optical engineering requirements required by various installation types.
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