Interlocutor: Tencent Institute researcher Cao Jianfeng, Legal Daily reporter Zhang Wei

What is artificial intelligence?

Reporter: For artificial intelligence, many people still know about sci-fi movies and alpha dogs. Conceptually, what kind of existence is artificial intelligence?

Cao Jianfeng: In the popular understanding, artificial intelligence is the task that a machine can accomplish when humans need intelligence.

In the past, we believe that only humans on the earth have intelligence. Human intelligence includes rational thinking, language ability, logical reasoning, and emotions. It can solve problems, have their own goals, and can perform actions. Of course, the boundary of the word "smart" is still controversial and changing. At present, there is no consensus in the scientific community on the concept of artificial intelligence in artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems (AS).

The American "artificial intelligence textbook" is based on human beings. It has a general definition of artificial intelligence, that is, thinking like a person, acting like a person, thinking rationally and acting rationally. There are some other definitions of artificial intelligence, such as setting goals for yourself, and then developing a series of plans to implement them.

The intrinsic technology or core of artificial intelligence uses some deep algorithms, such as neural network algorithms, to simulate the human brain structure, thereby simulating the process of human thinking and decision making. There are also deep learning, genetic algorithms, evolutionary theory, etc. Deep algorithm technology supports the robot to make certain decisions.

The difference between artificial intelligence and previous computer programs is that it has autonomy. It only needs to give it some of the most primitive data. It can itself come up with a conclusion and make its own decisions and judgments. It has the ability to learn. This is autonomy. Sex.

Reporter: We have contacted more early artificial intelligence, should be regarded as chat robot software. It will conduct language learning through the use of all users, "evolve" itself, and gradually conduct more extensive dialogue. Of course, the chat bot software also learns swear words, and the user tells it in the conversation that "What you said is swearing," and it corrects itself. In addition to this kind of chat robot software, what artificial intelligence applications do we encounter in current daily life?

Cao Jianfeng: Foreign big software companies are all launching their own chat bots. At present, this kind of application is still relatively preliminary. In addition, such as a self-driving car or assisted driving, the driver does not need to press the steering wheel, and can autonomously complete parking, change lanes, and turn. Artificial intelligence applications include hotel service robots, rescue robots, personalized recommendations, and more.

What are the legal risks?

Reporter: In the film and television dramas, we will see a lot of questions about artificial intelligence and human ethics and law. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, will we encounter these problems in real life?

Cao Jianfeng: The AI ​​system has become more widely used and has entered many aspects of social life. The first is the issue of security. From a legal point of view, it can be transformed into a responsibility issue. For example, will drone damage our property and personal safety? The driver does not need to drive by himself and is more like a passenger. If the driverless vehicle malfunctions and causes damage to the driver, can the driver be compensated? In the hybrid driving mode, the driver and the car need to cooperate and a car accident occurs. Does the manufacturer need to take responsibility? The distribution of responsibility between drivers and manufacturers is still relatively vague.

For another example, how to ensure that artificial intelligence complies with social norms and social values, and that it will behave like a human when it comes to risk. For example, the rescue robot, how to choose between the old and the weak, to save who to rescue who, these need to be considered in advance.

There are privacy issues. Artificial intelligence develops rapidly, and it makes decisions that require large amounts of personal data to exist in artificial intelligence systems. The artificial intelligence system performed "portraits" for us to form a "sense of impressions." We may not even know that we have been pictured by these software or systems, and we have no way of knowing whether these pictures are true or not. Or rather, the system gives us some labels. We may not know what kind of labels it is giving us. Are these labels wrong or have some problems? When these labels are transferred to other occasions, they will have a Impact, for example, may affect our application for loans, job hunting, etc. We are unaware of this issue because the information it uses is not open and opaque.

Reporter: In other words, the artificial intelligence system may collect one-sided information, which will affect people's rights in the future.

Cao Jianfeng: What kind of information the artificial intelligence system collects and how this decision is made is beyond our control and more often than not.

For example, some companies in foreign countries use AI to conduct personality tests when recruiting. If the system thinks that candidates will suffer from a certain disease or pregnancy in the future, it may cause the applicant to be rejected and violate the law prohibiting discrimination.

Another problem is algorithmic discrimination. This is a more pressing issue. In the past, a lot of work was done by humans and now replaced by artificial intelligence systems, such as personalized recommendations.